1). Zero-order kinetics refers to;

A. the rates at which absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug occur are directly proportional to its concentration in the body.

B. processes by which a constant amount of drug is transported/ metabolised in unit time irrespective of its concentration in the body.

C. the time in which the biological effect of a drug declines by one half.

D. presystemic elimination of the drug.

 

2). Among the listed drugs, which has the shortest biological half-life;

A. Adenosine

B. Dobutamine

C. Benzylpenicillin

D. Amoxycillin

 

3). Which of the following listed drug has the longest biological half-life;

A. Diazepam

B. Lorazepam

C. Midazolam

D. Clonazepam

 

4). When a drug is given at a constant rate, the generally accepted time to reach steady state (plateau) is:

A. 1 plasma half-life

B. 2 plasma half-life

C. 3 plasma half-life

D. 5 plasma half-life

 

5). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity is important to the integrity of the:

A. red blood cells

B. white blood cells

C. platelets

D. mast cells

 

6). Drugs that carry a possible risk of haemolysis in some G6PD deficient individuals inclulde:

A. aspirin

B. menadione

C. quinidine

D. all of the above

 

7). Asthmatic attacks can be precipitated by:

A. sympathomimetics.

B. digitalis glycosides

C. beta-adrenoceptor blockers.

D. aminoglycoside antibiotics.

 

8). Lithium toxicity may result when:

A. a thiazide diuretic is co-administered.

B. there is sodium depletion.

C. there is dehydration

D. in all of the above situations.

 

9). A type A adverse reaction is also called:

A. Augmented reactions

B. Bizarre reactions

C. Chronic reactions

D. Delayed effects

 

10). Type II allergic/hypersensitivity reactions are also called:

A. immediate or anaphylactic type.

B. antibody-dependent cytotoxic type.

C. immune complex-mediated type.

D. lymphocyte-mediated type.

 

11).Anaphylactic shock or IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions are:

A. Type I reactions.

B. Type II reactions.

C. Type III reactions.

D. Type IV reactions.

 

12). Salivation, lachrymation, abdominal cramps, urinary and faecal incontinence, vomiting, sweating, miosis and muscle fasciculation are charecteristics of:

A. Antimuscarinic syndromes

B. Cholinergic (muscarinic) syndromes

C. Sympathomimetic syndromes

D. None of the above .

 

13). Which is a gram negative bacteria:

A. Staphylococcus aureus

B. Streptococcus pyogenes

C. Streptococcus pneumoniae

D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

 

14). Which is an anerobic bacteria:

A. Haemophilus influenzae

B. Neisseria meningitidis

C. Clostridium perfringens

D. Streptococcus pneumoniae

15). Ziehl-Neelsen staining is used to diagnose:

A. methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection.

B. acid-fast tubercle bacilli infection.

C. Neisseria meningitidis infection.

D. Clostridium perfringens infection.