1. The term “action research” was coined by:

A. Kurt Lewin

B. Glaser & Strauss

C. Karl Pearson

D. Jacob Cohen

Answer Key

2. A careful appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses of the study is:

A. Research proposal

B. Action Research

C. Research critique

D. Evidence-based practice

Answer Key

3. The standards of critiquing qualitative research include, except:

A. Descriptive vividness

B. Methodological Congruence

C. Analytical and interpretative preciseness

D. Heuristic relevance

E. Chance for committing Type-I error

Answer Key

4. History as a threat to the internal validity of a particular study (Cook and Campbell) refers to:

A. An event that takes place between pretest and posttest.

B. Natural change during the period between baseline and posttest

C. Groups that are formed not on randomization bases.

D. The phenomenon of differential attrition during the course of treatment.

Answer Key

5. The phenomenon of those who obtain extreme scores at pretest tending to obtain less extreme scores at posttest, at both the high and low ends of the measure is:

A. Internal validity

B. Statistical regression

C. Statistical power

D. Statistical validity

Answer Key

6. The concept of statistical power in the social and behavioural sciences was first introduced by:

A. Carl pearson

B. Spearman

C. Jacob Cohen

D. Kolmogrov

Answer Key

7. The probability that a given effect will be detected using a sample of a specified size, with the probability level of the statistical test being set at a predetermined level: is

A. Power of a statistical test

B. Internal validity

C. External validity

D. Reliability of a study

Answer Key

8. . The four parameters of power analysis are, except:

A. The alpha or probability level of the significance test

B. The size of the effect hypothesized or to be detected.

C. The size of the sample being studied.

D. The power of the statistical test.

E. Reliability of the rating scale

Answer Key

9. The probability of making a Type II error in any statistical testis termed as:

A. Alpha

B. Beta

C. Gamma

D. Theta

E. Delta

Answer Key

10. A pharmacology trial concluded that a new antipsychotic reduced negative symptoms when in reality it did not; is an example of:

11. For a two-group comparison study, standardized measure of effect size is:

A. Square of the Pearson correlation coefficient.

B. Eta squired value

C. Chi-squire value

D. The difference between the two means, divided by the average of the standard deviations.

Answer Key

12. Kappa coefficient of reliability is related to:

A. Ratio scale of measurement

B. Interval scale of measurement

C. Nominal scale of measurement

D. Continuous variables

Answer Key

13. The sum of the values of a variable for a set of observations, divided by the number of the observations in the set refers to:

A. Variance

B. Standard deviation

C. Median

D. Mean

E. Mode

Answer Key

15. Which of the following is NOT a multivariate statistical approach?

A. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

B. Multiple Regression

C. Factor Analysis

D. Structural Equation Modeling

E. Analysis of variance

Answer Key

References

1. Polit H, Beck C T. Nursing research. 8th ed. New Delhi: Williams and Wilkins; 2008.
2. Burns N, Grove S K. Understanding nursing research. 4th ed. New Delhi: Elsevier; 2007.
3. Park JE, Park K. Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine. 19th Edition. Jabalpur: M.S. Banarsidas Bhanot; 2007.
4. Questions from entrance examinations relevant to nursing conducted in India. (NIMHANS/AIIMS/Manipal/Kerala/All India etc..)
5. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ; 1988.